| 467 | 4 | 24 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
公共交通资源配置公平性对促进以人为本的社会可持续发展及城市公共服务均等化具有重要意义。以老幼人口密集的广州市主城区为例，运用基尼系数、改进潜能模型与双变量空间自相关分析等方法，从整体和局部层面探讨老幼群体公共交通资源配置公平性。结果显示：广州市主城区公共交通资源配置整体处于不公平的状态；可达性较好的格网分析单元多分布于城市轨道交通沿线以及人口分布稀疏的黄埔区和番禺区；从儿童的公共交通供需平衡情况看，需求高、供给低的区域主要分布在天河区、白云区以及黄埔区的城中村和居住区附近；而对于老年人，需求高、供给低的区域集中分布在荔湾区和海珠区。最后，从区域间公共交通资源均衡配置、公共交通系统优化、适老与适幼化公共交通服务完善3方面提出优化策略。
Abstract：The equity of public transportation resource allocation is critical in promoting people-oriented social sustainable development and equalization of urban public services. Taking the main urban area of Guangzhou with a dense population of elderly and young people as an example, this study applies methods such as the Gini Coefficient, improved potential model, and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis to explore the equity of public transportation resource allocation for the elderly and young groups at both overall and partial levels. The results indicate an unfair state of the overall allocation of public transportation resources in the main urban area of Guangzhou. Grid analysis units with good accessibility are mostly distributed along urban rail transit lines and in sparsely populated areas such as Huangpu and Panyu Districts.From the perspective of supply-demand balance of public transportation for children, areas with high demand and low supply are mainly located in Tianhe District, Baiyun District, and the urban villages and residential areas of Huangpu District. For the elderly, high-demand and low-supply areas are concentrated in Liwan District and Haizhu District. Finally, three optimization strategies are proposed: balanced regional allocation of public transportation resources, optimization of public transportation systems, and improvement of public transportation services friendly for the elderly and young groups.
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局.第七次全国人口普查公报(第五号)[EB/OL].(2021-05-11)[2023-01-19]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/202302/t20230206_1902005.html.
[2]刘晔，叶柏麟，刘于琪.我国养老服务设施规划设计标准特征、存在问题与改进建议[J].规划师，2023,39(1):5-12.LIU Y, YE B L, LIU Y Q. Characters, problems, and improvement suggestions of planning and design standards for senior service facilities in China[J]. Planners, 2023, 39(1):5-12.
[3]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.关于印发《“十四五”积极应对人口老龄化工程和托育建设实施方案》的通知(发改社会[2021]895号)[EB/OL].(2021-06-17)[2023-01-19]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-06/25/content_5620868.htm.
[4]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.国家发展改革委等部门联合印发《“十四五”公共服务规划》[EB/OL].(2022-01-10)[2023-01-19]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-01/10/content_5667490.htm?eqid=e09c625300097e150000000364623e63.
[5] FOTH N, MANAUGH K, EL-GENEIDY A M. Towards equitable transit:examining transit accessibility and social need in Toronto,Canada, 1996-2006[J]. Journal of transport geography, 2013, 29:1-10.
[6] CHEN Y, BOUFERGUENE A, LI H X, et al.Spatial gaps in urban public transport supply and demand from the perspective of sustainability[J]. Journal of cleaner production, 2018,195:1237-1248.
[7] CAMPOREALE R, CAGGIANI L, OTTOMANELLI M. Modeling horizontal and vertical equity in the public transport design problem:a case study[J]. Transportation research part A:policy and practice, 2019, 125:184-206.
[8] PAPA E, CARPENTIERI G, GUIDA C. Measuring walking accessibility to public transport for the elderly:the case of Naples[J]. TeMA-journal of land use, mobility and environment, 2018, special issue 2:105-116.
[9]李旻芮，高悦尔，史志法，等.基于公平视角的城市公共交通资源空间分布研究：以厦门市为例[J].城市发展研究，2022,29(3):28-33.LI M R, GAO Y E, SHI Z F, et al. Research on the spatial distribution evaluation of urban public transportation resources from the perspective of equity:taking Xiamen as an example[J]. Urban development studies, 2022, 29(3):28-33.
[10]陈方，戢晓峰，吉选，等.城市内交通公平的测度及其空间分异[J].经济地理，2015,35(4):70-75.CHEN F, JI X F, JI X, et al. The measurement method and spatial differentiation of urban transport equity[J]. Economic Geography, 2015, 35(4):70-75.
[11]戢晓峰，姜莉，陈方.欠发达地区城市公交底线公平的空间分异特征及成因分析：以云南省为例[J].人文地理，2018,33(1):124-129.JI X F, JIANG L, CHEN F. Baseline equality of spatial differentiation characteristics and cause analysis of urban public transportation in underdeveloped areas:a case of Yunnan province[J]. Human geography,2018, 33(1):124-129.
[12]李博闻，黄正东，蒯希，等.基于空间公平理论的公共交通服务评价：以深圳市为例[J].地理科学进展，2021,40(6):958-966.LI B W, HUANG Z D, KUAI X, et al. Evaluation of public transport services based on the spatial equality theory:a case study of Shenzhen city[J]. Progress in geography,2021, 40(6):958-966.
[13] RONG P J, ZHENG Z C, KWAN M-P, et al.Evaluation of the spatial equity of medical facilities based on improved potential model and map service API:a case study in Zhengzhou, China[J]. Applied geography, 2020,119:102192.
[14]魏薇，赵航，龙立美，等.山地城市老年人公共交通可达性分析：以贵阳市中心城区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学，2021,37(6):64-70.WEI W, ZHAO H, LONG L M, et al. Analysis on accessibility of public transportation for the elderly in mountainous cities:a case study of the central urban area of Guiyang[J]. Geography and geo-information science,2021, 37(6):64-70.
[15] LITMAN T. Evaluating transportation equity[J]. World transport policy practice, 2002, 8(2):50-63.
[16]黄晓燕，曹小曙.时空间行为视角下交通与社会排斥研究进展[J].地理科学进展，2022,41(1):107-117.HUANG X Y, CAO X S. Progress of research on transportation and social exclusion from the perspective of spatiotemporal behavior[J]. Progress in geography, 2022, 41(1):107-117.
[17] RICCIARDI A M, XIA J H, CURRIE G. Exploring public transport equity between separate disadvantaged cohorts:a case study in Perth, Australia[J]. Journal of transport geography, 2015, 43:111-122.
[18] DELBOSC A, CURRIE G. Using Lorenz curves to assess public transport equity[J].Journal of transport geography, 2011, 19(6):1252-1259.
[19] FAN Y L, ALLEN R, SUN T S. Spatial mismatch in Beijing, China:implications of job accessibility for Chinese low-wage workers[J]. Habitat international, 2014, 44:202-210.
[20] GU C L. Social polarization and segregation in Beijing[J]. Chinese geographical science,2001, 11:17-26.
[21]彭菁，罗静，熊娟，等.国内外基本公共服务可达性研究进展[J].地域研究与开发，2012,31(2):20-25.PENG J, LUO J, XIONG J, et al. Review of domestic and foreign research on the basic public service accessibility[J]. Areal research and development, 2012, 31(2):20-25.
[22] FAN P L, XU L H, YUE W Z, et al. Accessibility of public urban green space in an urban periphery:the case of Shanghai[J]. Landscape and urban planning, 2017, 165:177-192.
[23]王姣娥，熊美成，黄洁.时空约束下的地铁可达性研究：以北京为例[J].地理科学，2022,42(1):83-94.WANG J E, XIONG M C, HUANG J. Subway accessibility under space-time constraints:a case study of Beijing[J]. Scientia geographica sinica, 2022, 42(1):83-94.
[24] LIU L G, ZHAO Y, LYU H, et al. Spatial accessibility and equity evaluation of medical facilities based on improved 2SFCA:a case study in Xi'an, China[J]. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023, 20(3):2076.
[25]广州市统计局. 2020广州统计年鉴[EB/OL].(2021-11-05)[2023-01-19]. http://tjj.gz.gov.cn/stats_newtjyw/zyxz/tjnjdzzz/content/post_7875749.html.
[26]联合国.《儿童权利公约》[J].人权，2005(2):1.
[27]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.中华人民共和国未成年人保护法(主席令第六十号)[EB/OL].(2006-12-29)[2023-01-19].https://www.gov.cn/flfg/2006-12/29/content_554397.htm.
[28]全国人民代表大会.中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法[EB/OL].(2012-12-28)[2023-01-19]. http://www.npc.gov.cn/zgrdw/npc/xinwen/2012-12/29/content_1749533.htm.
[29]闫庆武，卞正富，王红.利用泰森多边形和格网平滑的人口密度空间化研究：以徐州市为例[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版)，2011,36(8):987-990.YAN Q W, BIAN Z F, WANG H. Census spatialization based on Thiessen Polygons and grids smoothing:a case study in Xuzhou[J]. Geomatics and information science of Wuhan University, 2011, 36(8):987-990.
[30]广东省人民政府.广州市公共汽车电车客运管理条例[EB/OL].(2022-03-04)[2023-01-19]. https://www.gd.gov.cn/zwgk/wjk/zcfgk/content/post_2531936.html.
[31]广州市交通运输局.广州交通运输月报[2020]第12期[EB/OL].(2021-01-29)[2023-01-19]. https://jtj.gz.gov.cn/gkmlpt/content/7/7056/post_7056891.html#394.
[32]李苗裔，龙瀛.中国主要城市公交站点服务范围及其空间特征评价[J].城市规划学刊，2015(6):30-37.LI M Y, LONG Y. The coverage ratio of bus stations and an evaluation of spatial patterns of major Chinese cities[J]. Urban planning forum, 2015(6):30-37.
[33] HANSON W G. How accessibility shapes land use[J]. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 1959, 25(2):73-76.
[34] JOSEPH A E, BANTOCK P R. Measuring potential physical accessibility to general practitioners in rural areas:a method and case study[J]. Social science&medicine,1982, 16(1):85-90.
[35]宋正娜，陈雯，车前进，等.基于改进潜能模型的就医空间可达性度量和缺医地区判断：以江苏省如东县为例[J].地理科学，2010, 30(2):213-219.SONG Z N, CHEN W, CHE Q J, et al. Measurement of spatial accessibility to health care facilities and defining health professional shortage areas based on improved potential model:a case study of Rudong county in Jiangsu province[J]. Scientia geographica sinica, 2010, 30(2):213-219.
[36]丁秋贤，朱丽霞，罗静.武汉市养老设施空间可达性分析[J].人文地理，2016, 31(2):36-42.DING Q X, ZHU L X, LUO J. Analysing spatial accessibility to residential care facilities in Wuhan[J]. Human geography, 2016,31(2):36-42.
[37] ANSELIN L, SYABRI I, SMIRNOV O. Visualizing multivariate spatial correlation with dynamically linked windows[C]//Proceedings, CSISS Workshop on New Tools for Spatial Data Analysis, University of California Santa Barbara Cd Rom, CA, 2002.
[38]浩飞龙，张浩然，王士君.基于多交通模式的长春市公园绿地空间可达性研究[J].地理科学，2021,41(4):695-704.HAO F L, ZHANG H R, WANG S J. Spatial accessibility of urban green space in central area of Changchun:an analysis based on the multi-trip model[J]. Scientia geographica sinica, 2021, 41(4):695-704.
(1)“四标四实”指广州市公安部门城市数字化治理专项行动，“四标”即一张标准作业图、一套标准建筑物编码、一个标准地址库和一张标准基础网格；“四实”即通过入户走访、外业调查的方式，核准实有人口、实有房屋、实有单位和实有设施。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13813/j.cn11-5141/u.2024.0102
中图分类号:U491.17
引用信息:
[1]柴蕾,陈澄静,高枫,等.广州市老幼群体公共交通资源配置公平性研究[J].城市交通,2024,22(01):42-52+84.DOI:10.13813/j.cn11-5141/u.2024.0102.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目“基于众源感知数据和人本导向的自行车出行模式挖掘与出行选择决策模拟”(42271467)
2024-01-25
2024-01-25